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Lecturer(s)
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Pokorný Tomáš, Ing. Ph.D.
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Dvořák Milan, Ing. DiS.
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Course content
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Lectures: 1. - 3. Block: "Physics for computer tomography" Linear tomography. Computer tomography. Tomographic tube. Distributive function. Calibration. Signals. Data processing. Dynamic ranges. Tomographic numbers. Interactive techniques. Planar projections.Differentation. Quality of differentation. Accuracy and accuracy prediction of findings. Principle of Fourier transformation. Spiral computed tomography. Principle. Tube. Characteristics. Design. Material. Generators. Dose measuring methods. Phantoms. Measuring of phantoms. Whole-body modulation. Dose levels for children. Safety. 4. - 7. Block: "Physics for nuclear medicine" Core of the atom. Isotopes. Isotones. Isobars. Biologic and effective half-life period. Linear and circular accelerators. Reactor. Production of radioctive substances. Radioactive equilibrium. Laboratory instrumentation. Calibration. Inverse law. Monitoring of contamination. Optimalization of camera operation. Conditions of energetic distribution. Analysis of a field. Conditions of collimation. Types of collimators and their application. Collimator efficiency. Clinical nuclides and radiopharmaceuticals. Sample calculations. Quality. Other radionuclides. Internal and external exposition. Radiation radiated by patient. Marinelli's equation. MIRD equation. Residual radioactivity. Transport of radioactive substances. Storing. Legislation. Photon emission tomography. Requirements on devices. Angular profit. Correction factors. Filters. Protocols. Positron emission tomography. Clinical conditions of application. Fluoroglucose. FDG biochemistry. Idinic application. Clinical applications in oncology. Probability of incidents. Coincidence. PET detectors. Bismuth crystals. Lutetium and gadolinium suspenses. Photonic PET system. PET detection. Sinograms. Definition of protons. Sensitivity and application effect. PET/CT combination. Comparsion with other methods. Safety. 8. Block: "Physics for oncology" Radiation sources for oncologic work. Stationary irradiators. Stab irradiators. Optimalization of energetic profit. Oncologic particle accelerators. Calculations of radiation doses. Irradiation geometry. Rotating and sliding irradiation mechanisms. Control and operating panels. Storing. Evidence. Archive. 9. Block: "Application of ultrasound in medicine" Properties of ultrasound. Genesis. Acoustic pressure. Power and intensity. Reflection. Difraction. Ultrasound emitters. Receivers. Algorithms of assessment. Ultrasound field. Ultrasound imaging. Pulse timing. Theory of pulses. Spatial definition. Imaging processes. Digitalization of signals. Detection. Clinical applications. Instrumental and assessment devices. Doppler changes. Doppler detection. Combination of findings. Optimization. 10. - 11. Block: "Magnetic resonance imaging" Nuclear spin. External magnetic field. Larmor frequency. Resonance. Relaxation. Technical design. Magnets. Homogenity of magnetic field. High frequency system. Computing system of partial measurement processing. T1 and T2. Imaging artifacts. Pulse sequence. Gradient sequence. Contrast media. Safety. Seminars: 1.Basic parts of computer tomographs. Bases of construction elements. Function and construction of tubes. Cooling. Lifetime. Rotating and sliding systems. 2.Contrast media. Contrast media application. Types and optimums of application. 3.Meaning of the Fourier transform. Examples of calculations. Scanning optimization. Doses. 4.Czech radiation-hygienic legislation. 5.Radiopharmaceuticals. Application in medicine. 6.Geometry of radiant field. Radiation shielding. Factors of scgielding. 7.Dose equivalents. Dose tolerance limits. 8.Radiation hygiene and application of radioactive substances in medicine. 9.Geometry of irradiation volumes and planar projections. Spatial precision. Analysis of errors. 10.Ultrasound. Examples of applications in practice. 11.Magnetic resonance imaging. Practical applications in medicine.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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- Contact hours
- 22 hours per semester
- Preparation for an examination (30-60)
- 30 hours per semester
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| prerequisite |
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| Knowledge |
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| explain the basic principles and patterns of physics |
| Skills |
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| performs basic calculations |
| Competences |
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| N/A |
| N/A |
| learning outcomes |
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| Knowledge |
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| explains the physical principles of computed tomography, magnetic resonance and ultrasound, optical instrument and laser |
| explains the structure of the atomic nucleus |
| defines the effects of electromagnetic radiation on a living organism |
| Skills |
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| performs calculations and draws graphs on the topics discussed |
| Competences |
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| N/A |
| teaching methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Lecture |
| Skills |
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| Practicum |
| Competences |
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| Lecture |
| Practicum |
| assessment methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Oral exam |
| Skills |
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| Oral exam |
| Competences |
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| Oral exam |
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Recommended literature
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Beneš, Jiří; Kymplová, Jaroslava; Vítek, František. Základy fyziky pro lékařské a zdravotnické obory : pro studium i praxi. 2015. ISBN 978-80-247-4712-5.
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Dowsett, D.J., Kenny, P.A., Johnston, R.E. The physics of diagnostic imaging, Hodder Arnold. New York, 2006.
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Gascha, H., Pflanz, S. Kompendium fyziky. Praha: Universum, 2017. ISBN 978-80-242-5716-7.
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Kolářová, Hana; Kubínek, Roman. Fyzika stručně a jasně : přehled fyziky v příkladech a testových otázkách. 2017. ISBN 978-80-244-5100-8.
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Samek, Ladislav; Černý, František. Fyzika v příkladech. Mechanika. Praha : Academia, 2014. ISBN 978-80-200-2319-3.
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