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Lecturer(s)
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Ludvíková Marie, Doc. MUDr. Ph.D.
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Straková Peteříková Andrea, MUDr.
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Course content
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Lectures 1. Health, disease, morbidity, mortality, lethality, incidence, prevalence. The regulatory nature of the disease. Programmed death. Disease and its causes. Etiology and pathogenesis of diseases. Physical causes of disease. Chemical causes of disease. Genetically determined diseases. Pathological immune response. 2. Pathophysiology of the cell, pathophysiological dynamics of cell damage. Pathophysiology of cellular transport. Death of the organism and death of the cell (necrosis and apoptosis). Types of necrosis and its healing. Heart attack - definition, types of heart attacks. Gangrene. Atrophy. 3. Dystrophy from disorders of protein metabolism. Inclusion. Amyloidosis. Diabetes mellitus. Pigmentation. Jaundice (causes, types). 4. Inflammation, types of inflammation, microscopic and macroscopic findings. Inflammation specific. General infections (bacteremia, sepsis, pyemia) 5. Progressive changes. Regeneration. Reparation. Hypertrophy, hyperplasia. Metaplasia, dysplasia and precancers. 6. Introduction to oncopathology. General characteristics of tumors. Tumor morphology. Features of malignant tumors on cellular level. Classification of tumors. Grading, paging. Diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tumor markers. Benign and malignant mesenchymal tumors. Hematological tumors. Benign and malignant epithelial tumors. 7. Pathophysiology of blood. Causes and manifestations of circulatory insufficiency. Thrombosis. Hemorrhage, hemorrhagic diathesis. Embolism. Shock. 8. Pathology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels. 9. Pathology and pathophysiology of the respiratory system. 10. Pathophysiology of digestion and absorption. GIT pathology. Diseases of the liver, pancreas, gall bladder and bile ducts. 11. Pathophysiology of excretion. Homeostasis. Acid-base balance. Pathology of the kidneys and urinary tract. Pathology of the prostate. 12. Pathology of the male and female reproductive system. Diseases of the mammary gland. 13. Pathology of the nervous and endocrine system Diseases of the locomotor system. Exercises 1. Methods of collection and processing of material for pathological examination. 2. Cytological examination. 3. Morphological characteristics of regressive changes. 4. Morphological characteristics of inflammation. 5. Morphological characteristics of progressive changes. 6. Morphological characteristics of tumors I. 7. Morphological characteristics of tumors II. 8. Morphological changes in circulation disorders. 9. Histopathology of diseases of the heart and blood vessels. 10. Histopathology of diseases of the respiratory system. 11. Histopathology of GIT diseases. 12. Histopathology of diseases of the excretory and sexual system. 13. Histopathology of selected diseases of the CNS and diseases of the thyroid gland.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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- Contact hours
- 65 hours per semester
- Preparation for formative assessments (2-20)
- 10 hours per semester
- Preparation for comprehensive test (10-40)
- 15 hours per semester
- Preparation for an examination (30-60)
- 40 hours per semester
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| prerequisite |
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| Knowledge |
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| to describe cell organelles at the cellular and subcellular level |
| to describe the anatomy of organ systems |
| Skills |
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| to apply basic physiological principles to clinical issues |
| Competences |
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| N/A |
| N/A |
| learning outcomes |
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| Knowledge |
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| characterizes the etiology, pathogenesis and pathomorphology of disease processes |
| will explain the possibilities of pathology in the diagnosis, forecasting and prediction of diseases |
| demonstrates broad knowledge of investigation methods in histopathology and cytology |
| Skills |
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| logically deduces the cause of a specific organ disorder and possible complications |
| uses pathological terminology |
| takes and processes material for pathological examination |
| Competences |
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| N/A |
| teaching methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Lecture |
| Skills |
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| Practicum |
| Competences |
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| Lecture |
| Practicum |
| assessment methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Oral exam |
| Test |
| Skills |
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| Oral exam |
| Competences |
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| Oral exam |
| Test |
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Recommended literature
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BÁRTOVÁ, Jarmila. Přehled patologie. 2. vydání.. Praha: Karolinum, 2021. ISBN 978-80-246-4775-3.
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MAČÁK, Jirka a Jana MAČÁKOVÁ. Patologie. 3., doplněné a přepracované vydání.. Praha : Grada, 2022. ISBN 978-80-271-3507-3.
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NEČAS, Emanuel a kol. Obecná patologická fyziologie. 5., upravené vydání.. Praha: Karolinum, 2021. ISBN 978-80-246-4633-6.
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PÁVKOVÁ GOLDBERGOVÁ, Monika, Kamil ĎURIŠ, Jaromír GUMULEC, Jaromír GUMULEC, Adam PAŽOUREK a Anna VAŠKŮ. Patofyziologie v obrazech. 1. vyd. Brno: Masarykova univerzita - Lékařská fakulta, 2016. ISBN 978-80-210-8323-3.
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