Lectures 1. Biosignals and their applications. Types, origin and processing of biosignals. Sensors. 2. Biological membranes and transport. 3. Radioactivity. 4. Free radicals and matter. 5. Biological effects of ionizing radiation and its application in diagnostics and therapy. 6. X-rays and Computed Tomography. 7. Ultrasound (ultrasound) - properties of ultrasound, acoustic interface, application of ultrasound in diagnostics, types of ultrasound probes, Doppler effect and its use in vascular echography (Continuous wave and Pulse wave), application of ultrasound in therapy. 8. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 9. - 11. Fluid mechanics and basic rheology, biophysics of body fluid flow. Hydrodynamics - classification of fluids, equations for ideal and Newtonian fluids - continuity equations, Bernoulli's equations, ideal fluid flow, equations for viscous fluids - Navier - Stokes equation, viscosity, flow real liquids, Hagen - Poiseuille's law, Stokes law Basics of rheology - relationship between strain and stress (strain-stress curve), classification of substances according to mechanical properties, dynamic stress, importance of rheology, rheological distribution of solids, rheological elementary solids and rheological models, flow curves Flow of body fluids - heart and cardiac conduction system, cardiac cycle - phases and description of pressure and volume changes, quantification of cardiac activity, blood and blood pressure, hydromechanical laws relevant to the description of flow and pressure relationships in the bloodstream 12. Thermodynamics. 13. Optics and biophysics of vision - spectrum and properties of electromagnetic radiation, propagation of light - refraction and reflection of light, dispersion of light, optical spectra, wave optics- interference, diffraction and polarization of light, fundamentals of ray optics, quantum optics; structure of the eye, optical system of the eye, near and far point, accommodative width, visual acuity, structure of the retina, mechanism of function of rods and cones, refractive errors of the eye 14. Acoustics and biophysics of hearing - acoustic waves, waves in point series - harmonic motion, wave interference, wave speed, wave energy, sound intensity, acoustic spectra, physiological acoustics - pitch, loudness; structure and function of the ear, mechanism of hearing, audiometry 15. Microscopes - light and electron. Exercise 1. Basics of error theory - absolute error, relative error, gross error, systematic errors, random errors, arithmetic mean, standard error of the arithmetic mean, graphical processing of measurement results. 2. Weight measurement - lever, spring and torsion scales, strain gauges 3. Measurement of density - pycnometric method, immersion method, Mohr's balance 4. Viscosity measurement - Newton's law of viscosity, rotational viscometers, body viscometers, Stokes law, spout and capillary viscometers, Hagen - Poiseuille's law 5. Calorimetric measurements - specific heat capacity, Dewar's vessel, mixing calorimeter, electric calorimeter 6. Electric dipoles 7. Electrical measurements of non-electrical quantities 8. Measurement of refraction of light - refractometry - Snell's law, limiting angle, Abbe refractometer 9. Measurement of optical rotation - polarimetry - optical activity of substances, circular polarimeter 10. Measurement of light absorption - spectrophotometry - Lambert's and Lambert - Beer's law, absorbance, spectrophotometer 11. Biometric measurements 12. Effect of molecular size on diffusion rate 13. Biophysics of vision 14. Audiometry 15. Microscopic measurements
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