The structure and microstructure of the material and their connection with the response of the material to the mechanical, thermal, (electro)chemical and radiation effects of its environment; and how, by changing the microstructure of the material, its properties can subsequently be improved or, on the contrary, worsened. Overview of topics: 1. Crystal structure of metals, significance of crystal lattice defects. Diffusion in solids, Fick's laws and their use. Phase transformations in the solid state, precipitation processes. 2. Dislocations and their movement, plastic deformation. Recovery and recrystallization. 3. Mechanical properties of solids, stress and deformation characteristics, critical crack length, fracture toughness. Tests enabling the assessment of local mechanical properties of operating structural parts 4. Basic mechanisms of material degradation under the service conditions I: material creep, low-cycle fatigue, thermal embrittlement, radiation damage. 5. Basic mechanisms of degradation of materials under the service conditions II: corrosion, high-temperature oxidation in a steam environment, hydrogen embrittlement, stress corrosion cracking, cavitation, erosion. 6. Non-alloyed carbon and low-alloyed steels: chemical composition of the most important types of steels, heat treatment, mechanical properties, degradation mechanisms. 7. Modern brands of modified 2.25CrMo(W) steels. P/T 23 and P/T 24, characterisation, properties, operational exposure at a temperature of approx. 550 °C. 8. Martensitic modified (9-12)% Cr steel, P/T 91 and P/T 92 steels, long-term operational exposure at a temperature of approx. 600°C, properties, heat treatment, basic mechanisms of degradation. 9. Modern heat-resistant materials for power engineering (eg austenitic CrNi(Mo)). Materials for cryogenic applications. 10. Materials for power steam generators PWR, VVER. Homogeneous and heterogeneous weld joints and deposits. 11. Materials for fuel cells of nuclear reactors PWR, VVER, materials for the main circulation pipes and spent nuclear fuel containers. 12. Nickel alloys for energy sources: chemical composition, influence of chemical composition on the development of structure and mechanical properties during heat treatment. Alloys with increased entropy (HEA/MEA) for energy applications. 13. Additive manufacturing in the energy industry - current state of development, materials used and their post-processing, properties
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Fiala, Jaroslav; Mentl, Václav,; Šutta, Pavol. Struktura a vlastnosti materiálů. Praha : Academia, 2003. ISBN 80-200-1223-0.
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Pilous, Václav. Spolehlivost svarových spojů nových žáropevných ocelí v energetickém strojírenství. 2008.
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Pluhař, Jaroslav. Fyzikální metalurgie a mezní stavy materiálu. Vyd. 1. Praha : SNTL, 1987.
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Ptáček, Luděk. Nauka o materiálu II. Brno. 2002.
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